Songdo

Songdo is the capital of Goreyo (Koryo), the city prospered as a trade center that produced Korean ginseng. The city is now known as Kaesong in North Korea.

Goryo's period :

The former Silla's city became a part of Goryeo in 919 by its founder, Wang Geon. Wang Geon established the capital in the south of Songak, and incorporated Songdo County into Songak under the name of "Gaeju". In 919, Songdo became the national capital. In 960, the 11th year of King Gwangjong's reign, the city was renamed as Gaegyeong, and in 995, the 14th year of King Seongjong's reign, it was elevated as "Gaesong-bu". The Gaeseong-bu is a combined term of Songak-gun, and Gaesong-gun, which is different from the region of the pre-1945 Gaesong-ri, Seo-myeon, Kaepung-gun. In 1010, the first year of King Hyeonjong's reign, the palace and houses were almost burnt down during the Second Goryeo–Khitan War, so in 1018, Gaesong-bu was relegated for the "bu" system, and became to govern the three hyeon unites of Jeongju, Deoksu, and Gangeum. In the late 12th century, there was a period of instability in both the government and the countryside. A slave named Manjǒk (or spelled as Manjeok) (만적; 萬積) led a group of slaves who gathered outside Songdo in 1198. The revolt plot was suppressed by Choe Chung-heon. When Yi Songgye overthrew the Goreyo Dynasty in 1392 and established the Joseon Dynasty, he moved the Korean capital from Songdo to Hanyang (modern-day Seoul) in 1394.